The Romain Rolland Book Prize was created in 2017 with the aim of awarding the best translation of a French title (francophone area) into any Indian language, including English. The Indo-French jury takes into account the quality of the translation and of the publication itself. The prize aims at encouraging and rewarding the efforts made by Indian translators and Indian publishers to bring the best of Francophone literature and thought, in all its diversity, to the Indian readership. It is supported by Priti Paul via Apeejay Trust.

The winning publisher and the translator are awarded a curated trip to France for their professional exchanges. The jury is chaired by the French Institute in India / Embassy of France in India. The eminent jury is composed of professors from different universities in France and India, and literary translators from both countries to assess the quality of the translation.